Dialogue:
Emma: Hi, Jake! Have you noticed that this summer is hotter than last year?
Jake: Yes! It's definitely the hottest summer I can remember. I think the beaches are more crowded than usual too.
Emma: You're right! The new beach near my house is less busy than the main one, though.
Jake: That sounds nice. I bet it's quieter and more relaxing.
Emma: It is! And the water is even clearer than the other beaches. I think it’s the best place to swim!
Jake: That sounds great! Maybe we should go there this weekend.
Grammar Explanation
We use comparative adjectives to compare two things and superlative adjectives to show the highest degree of a quality. Let’s look at how to form them.
1. Comparatives: Comparing Two Things
To compare two people, places, or things, we often add -er to short adjectives (one syllable).
Example: hot → hotter, small → smaller
If the adjective is longer (two or more syllables), we use more before the adjective.
Example: beautiful → more beautiful, crowded → more crowded
For adjectives ending in -y, change y to i and add -er.
Example: happy → happier, busy → busier
If a short adjective ends in one vowel + one consonant, double the consonant before adding -er.
Example: big → bigger, thin → thinner
2. Superlatives: The Most Extreme Quality
To show the highest degree of a quality, we add -est to short adjectives.
Example: hot → hottest, small → smallest
For long adjectives (two or more syllables), we use most before the adjective.
Example: beautiful → most beautiful, crowded → most crowded
For adjectives ending in -y, change y to i and add -est.
Example: happy → happiest, busy → busiest
If a short adjective ends in one vowel + one consonant, double the consonant before adding -est.
Example: big → biggest, thin → thinnest
3. Irregular Forms
Some adjectives have special comparative and superlative forms:
Good → better → best
Bad → worse → worst
Far → farther/further → farthest/furthest
Practice Exercises
1. Complete the sentences using the correct comparative form:
This test is (easy) __________ than the last one.
My house is (big) __________ than yours.
This road is (dangerous) __________ than the other one.
2. Complete the sentences using the correct superlative form:
That was the (funny) __________ movie I’ve ever seen!
Mount Everest is the (high) __________ mountain in the world.
Today is the (cold) __________ day of the year.
Remember:
Use comparatives to compare two things.
Use superlatives when talking about the highest degree of something.
Some adjectives have irregular forms, so memorize them!
Now, try using comparative and superlative adjectives in your own sentences!
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